They Called It The Tranquilizing Chair, But This Thing Was Anything But Tranquil

This is an 1810 drawing of something called a "tranquilizing" chair.

Looks brutal, right? The science behind the chair was rooted in the fact that doctors once believed that mental illness was caused by inflammation of the brain. Dr. Benjamin Rush, inventor of the tranquilizing chair, designed it specifically to control blood flow to the brain. He felt that this was the only way to treat mental illness. Of course, as you might imagine, the tranquilizing chair was quite ineffective.

Despite that, Dr. Rush is still considered by many to be the "Father of American psychiatry."

Despite his brutal beliefs about mental illness, Rush was an advocate for the mentally ill in post-Revolutionary America. He led a campaign in Philadelphia to create separate facilities for the humane treatment of the mentally ill. Rush also pioneered therapeutic treatments for addiction, especially in the area of alcoholism.  

But Rush was still a product of the scientific environment he lived in.

The doctor also believed that ingesting mercury and participating in intentional bleeding were effective treatments for mental illness. 

I imagine treating patients with mercury and bloodletting only made their mental conditions worse in the long run.

I'll give Rush credit for his compassion for the mentally ill when society had none, but mercury treatment? Seriously? That is probably the worst idea ever.